Pathological Fracture and Prognosis of High-Grade Osteosarcoma of the Extremities: An Analysis of 2,847 Consecutive Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group (COSS) Patients.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate potential correlations between pathologic fractures (PFs) and prognosis of patients with primary central high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 2,847 patients registered in the Consecutive Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group database with primary central high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities, treated between 1980 and 2010. Intended treatment included pre- and postoperative chemotherapy and surgery. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed for all patients and then differentiated for adult and pediatric (≤ 18 years at time of diagnosis) patients. RESULTS: A total of 2,193 patients were ≤ 18 years of age; 11.3% of all patients had PFs. In the overall cohort, presence of PF correlated significantly with tumor site, histologic subtype, relative tumor size, and primary metastases, but not with body mass index or local surgical remission. In univariable analysis, 5-year overall survival (OAS) of patients with and without PF was 63% versus 71%, respectively (P = .007), and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 51% versus 58% (P = .026). In pediatric patients, OAS and EFS did not differ significantly between patients with and without PF. In adults, 5-year OAS in patients with and without PF was 46% versus 69% (P < .001), and 5-year EFS was 36% versus 56% (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, PF was not a statistically significant factor for OAS or EFS in the total cohort or in pediatric patients. In adult patients, PF remained an independent prognostic factor for OAS (P = .013; hazard ratio [HR], 1.893). It was not a significant prognostic factor for EFS (P = .263; HR, 1.312). CONCLUSION: In this largest study to date with extremity osteosarcomas, we observed the occurrence of PF to correlate with inferior OAS expectancies in adult but not in pediatric patients.

Impact of Pathological Fractures on the Prognosis of Primary Malignant Bone Sarcoma in Children and Adults: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 205 Patients.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pathological fractures (PF) influence the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma (OS) or Ewing tumor (ET) regarding 5-year survival, occurrence of metastases, and local recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 205 patients with metastatic and nonmetastatic OS or ET. Survival analysis was performed for all patients and differentiated for patients with OS (n = 127) and ET (n = 78) as well as for adults (n = 101) and children (n = 104). RESULTS: Patients with PF showed survival rates of 64% compared to 83% for those without PF (p = 0.023). Local recurrence occurred in 7% of the patients without and in 24% of those with PF (p = 0.023). In patients with ET and in children, survival analysis showed no significant difference between patients with and without PF in survival and local recurrence rates. In patients with OS, survival rate decreased from 83 to 59% (p = 0.024) and local recurrence rate increased from 13 to 30% (p = 0.042). In adults, survival rate decreased from 78 to 51% (p = 0.004) and local recurrence rate increased from 13 to 42% (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, age and PF were associated with inferior survival. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the occurrence of PF has a negative impact on survival and implicates an increased risk of local recurrence. In children and in patients with ET, PF did not have a prognostic impact.